All Strategies
Strategy 5 of 6 Evaluate

Summarising

Distilling key ideas with precision and clarity

About this strategy

Summarising and evaluating require students to identify the most important ideas in a text and express them concisely in their own words. Students often default to copying notes or texts verbatim, which requires little processing and results in less comprehension. These activities teach students to distinguish between main ideas and supporting details, and to condense meaning without losing accuracy — skills essential for academic writing and critical thinking.

The four activities

Each activity includes detailed teacher instructions, student-facing instructions, a worked example, reflection prompts, and extension ideas in the book.

Activity 1

Guided Summary

A structured five-step process: (1) underline passages containing main ideas, (2) write a list of the main ideas, (3) combine similar ideas together, (4) organise by order of importance, and (5) write the summary as a paragraph. Initially modelled by the teacher, responsibility is gradually released to students.

In the book:
  • Teacher instructions
  • Student handout
  • Worked example
  • Reflect & Extend
Activity 2

Key Idea Paraphrase

Students identify five key terms or ideas from a text, optionally find synonyms, and then use those key terms to write a new paragraph entirely in their own words. This goes beyond summary by requiring students to present key information in their own language.

In the book:
  • Teacher instructions
  • Student handout
  • Worked example
  • Reflect & Extend
Activity 3

10 Words or Less

Students must summarise the key ideas of a text in a single sentence of 10 words or fewer. This forces extreme precision and accuracy with language. Different students will focus on different aspects — plot, theme, values — revealing varied but valid readings of the same text.

In the book:
  • Teacher instructions
  • Student handout
  • Worked example
  • Reflect & Extend
Activity 4

Elevator Pitch

Students "sell" the main idea of a text using a three-part pitch structure: "You know how…" (identify the problem), "Well, the author suggests…" (the argument or solution), and "In fact…" (summary of supporting evidence). This blends summarising with persuasive techniques.

In the book:
  • Teacher instructions
  • Student handout
  • Worked example
  • Reflect & Extend

Get the full activities

The book includes complete instructions, reproducible student handouts, real student examples, reflection questions, and extension ideas for all four activities.

Buy Practical Reading Strategies