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Strategy 4 of 6 Analyse

Inferring

Reading between the lines to uncover hidden meaning

About this strategy

Inferring highlighted a major gap in many English classrooms: teachers spend a lot of time teaching students what to think about texts, but not how to think. Inferring is the skill of drawing conclusions that are not explicitly stated in the text — reading between the lines. It requires students to combine textual evidence with their own knowledge and experience to construct meaning beyond the literal.

The four activities

Each activity includes detailed teacher instructions, student-facing instructions, a worked example, reflection prompts, and extension ideas in the book.

Activity 1

QPCI

Quote — Paraphrase — Connection — Inference. Students identify key quotes, paraphrase them, make a connection (text-to-self, text-to-text, or text-to-world), and finally write an inference about the author's values, character motivation or deeper meaning. This slows down the process of explaining a quote, moving students beyond simple paraphrase.

In the book:
  • Teacher instructions
  • Student handout
  • Worked example
  • Reflect & Extend
Activity 2

Read Between the Lines

Students work with a double-line-spaced extract and write a single sentence of analysis beneath each line, exploring meaning through connections, questions, visualisations or observations about the author's intent. This line-by-line approach forces students to dwell on the text and is particularly effective with poetry.

In the book:
  • Teacher instructions
  • Student handout
  • Worked example
  • Reflect & Extend
Activity 3

Meaning Map

A concept-mapping activity where students map all the deeper meanings in a text — phrased as questions, statements, or themes and values — with supporting evidence at the outermost level. Students articulate not just what they see in the text but why they have made that judgement.

In the book:
  • Teacher instructions
  • Student handout
  • Worked example
  • Reflect & Extend
Activity 4

How Do They Feel? How Do You Know?

Students identify moments where a character experiences a strong emotion, then demonstrate how the author has shown (rather than told) that emotion — through actions, behaviour, interactions or dialogue — supported by a direct quote. This builds empathy and inference simultaneously.

In the book:
  • Teacher instructions
  • Student handout
  • Worked example
  • Reflect & Extend

Get the full activities

The book includes complete instructions, reproducible student handouts, real student examples, reflection questions, and extension ideas for all four activities.

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