All Strategies
Strategy 2 of 6 Understand

Visualising

Creating mental images to deepen comprehension

About this strategy

Visualising is the process of creating mental images from text. It is a multisensory strategy that goes beyond simply "seeing pictures" — it encompasses sounds, smells, textures and tastes associated with the words on the page. For some readers, visualising is automatic; for others, particularly those with aphantasia, it requires explicit instruction and scaffolding. These activities help students develop and articulate their mental imagery, improving comprehension and recall.

The four activities

Each activity includes detailed teacher instructions, student-facing instructions, a worked example, reflection prompts, and extension ideas in the book.

Activity 1

Sensory Scenes

Students annotate a text extract for sensory details across all five senses, then complete a graphic organiser with a drawing of the scene at the centre and written descriptions for sounds, smells, tastes and textures in surrounding sections. Different interpretations lead to rich class discussion about why readers form different impressions.

In the book:
  • Teacher instructions
  • Student handout
  • Worked example
  • Reflect & Extend
Activity 2

Soundscapes

Students create an aural landscape of a scene from the text using digital sound-editing tools such as GarageBand or Audacity. They annotate the text for explicit and implied sounds, source audio clips, and layer them together. Students finish with a brief written explanation of their choices.

In the book:
  • Teacher instructions
  • Student handout
  • Worked example
  • Reflect & Extend
Activity 3

Line-by-Line Visualisation

Students work in pairs, sitting back-to-back. One partner reads an extract aloud, pausing at each sentence, while the other draws the scene as it unfolds. They then swap roles and compare their drawings, noting similarities and differences in their visualisations of the same text.

In the book:
  • Teacher instructions
  • Student handout
  • Worked example
  • Reflect & Extend
Activity 4

Reading in Role

A dramatic activity where students prepare and perform a characterisation from a text extract. Students annotate the text with performance notes — posture, movement, voice, inner thoughts — then rehearse and perform. A reflection task asks what they learned about the author's portrayal of the character.

In the book:
  • Teacher instructions
  • Student handout
  • Worked example
  • Reflect & Extend

Get the full activities

The book includes complete instructions, reproducible student handouts, real student examples, reflection questions, and extension ideas for all four activities.

Buy Practical Reading Strategies